Therefore, application of non-invasive geophysical methods is particularly useful in the study of peat. Additionally, the legal protection which they are subject to very often hampers or precludes peat investigation using standard geological methods. Peatlands are characterized by variability in thickness of the deposit on a very small area. The data obtained from the geophysical and geological studies have been correlated to provide a wider picture of sediments building the peatland and its substrate. The paper also showed that the resistivity imaging provides valuable information about the stratigraphic contacts. The studies were conducted in two areas, located within one large peatland, that differ significantly in thickness and macroscopic properties of organic soils. Our intention was also to assess the geophysical data relation to geological information obtained from the drilling such as physical properties of the peat. Moreover, the studies were focused on assessing the measurement and interpretation methodology of ERI in such a difficult terrain as peatlands. The primary objective of the presented investigations was to test the potential of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to analyze the variability of peat layer thickness and estimate the physical parameters of peat. 2016) have applied induced polarization imaging, electromagnetic terrain conductivity and electrical resistivity imaging, apart from the GPR method, as alternative tools to determine the peatland thickness. Only a few researchers (e.g., Slater and Reeve 2002 Comas et al.
Peatlands are investigated mostly using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method. Variation in the physical parameters of the peat and its substrate allow to apply several geophysical methods in the investigation of the vertical succession and recognition of hydrogeological conditions. In this case, the selected geophysical methods, beside geological drillings, are an excellent tool to study areas sensitive to human interference. However, the fen location within the Mazowiecki Landscape Park and its inclusion within the Natura 2000 Network forced us to use non-invasive research methods that would not affect the environment significantly. Furthermore, the Całowanie Fen is located in the Vistula River Valley in close proximity to a postglacial upland and it is an interesting object of study because of its geomorphological conditions. The Całowanie peatland belongs to such fens it is also sub-classified as soligenous being fed only by the unconfined aquifer system. Generally, in Poland dominate shallow fens that are fed by surface water and/or groundwater. The process of peat accumulation is called sedentation and it is related to the deposition of the material in the place of origin (Ingram 1978). Incomplete decomposition of plant debris under the influence of strong hydration results in peat formation.
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